Modern art
First act
The following table will allow to all the art world professionals and
art lovers to make sense of the jargon in the artistic movements of modern
art.
Post-Impressionism, Pointillism, Nabis, Fauvism,
Modern Style, Naive Art, Die Brücke, Expressionism, Cubism, Futurism,
Golden Section, Blaue Reiter, Orphism, Ready-made, Vorticism, Precisionism,
all these
artistic movements are chronologically presented here, with a short explanation
of what it is and also the artists that can't be ignored for each movement.
This guide will be very useful for every contemporary artist. And also
for the collectors, galleries, critics and general public.
Artistic movements
from 1900 to 1945 - Modern Art
Post- Impressionnism |
1900-1903
|
Paul Gauguin, Vincent Van Gogh, Emile Bernard, Paul Cézanne |
France. Simplification of the drawing. Space effects in aplats. Antinaturalist.
Symbolic content.
|
Pointillism
Divisionnism |
1900-1906
|
Georges Seurat, Paul Signac, Henri-Edmond Cross
|
France. Technique of employing a point of colour to create the maximum
colour intensity.
|
Nabis |
1900
|
Edouard Vuillard, Maurice Denis, Chaïm Soutine, Félix
Vallotton, Verkade, Ballin, Pierre Bonnard, Roussel |
Means 'prophets'. Paris, Pont-Aven. Influenced by the teachings of
Gauguin, the japanism and the Pont-Aven's School.
|
Fauvism |
1900-1906
|
Georges Braque, André Derain, Raoul Dufy, Henri Matisse, Maurice
De Vlaminck |
France. Use of pure colors. Simplification of forms and perspective.
|
Art Nouveau
Modern Style
Jugendstil |
1900-1914
|
William Morris, Hector Guimard, Victor Horta, Hermann Obrist, Gustav
Klimt, Mucha, Khnopff, Paul Ransont |
Europe and United States. Decorative style in architecture, decorative
and graphic arts, painting and sculpture. Characterized by sinuous,
asymmetrical lines based on organic forms.
|
Naive Art |
1900-1937
|
Le douanier Rousseau, le facteur Cheval, André Bouquet, Louis
Vivin, Camille Bombois, André Bauchant |
France.
Self-taught artists. Colored expression of a popular sensibility.
They don't imitate the artistic trends of their time.
|
Die Brücke |
1905-1913
|
Fritz Bleyl, Erich Heckel, Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, Otto Mueller, Emil
Nolde, Max Pechstein, Karl Schmidt-Rottluff |
Means 'the bridge'. Germany. It's a group of expressionists artists.
Characterized by the intensely emotional and violent imagery.
|
Expressionnism |
1905-1920
|
Emil Nolde, Otto Mueller, Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, Max Pechstein, Erich
Heckel, Karl Schmidt-Rottluff, Alexeï Von Jawlensky, Wassily
Kandinsky, Gabriele Münter, Franz Marc, August Macke, Oskar Kokoschka,
Egon Schiele, Chaim Soutine, Emil Filla, Béla Czobel, Edward
Munch
|
Especially in Germany. Formal simplifications . Intensity of the
graphic expression. Vigour of the touch. Deeply influenced by
primitive arts.
|
Cubism |
1908-1920
|
Pablo Picasso, Juan Gris, Alexandre Archipenko, Georges Braque, Albert
Gleizes, Fernand Léger, Jacques Lipchitz, Jean Metzinger |
France. Influenced by the teachings of Cezanne and Negro-african
art. Two phases. Analytic phase : use of several visual angles
for a same object, Dissection on many multiple facets, limited
range of colors. Synthetic phase: invention of collage and sticked
paper.
|
Futurism |
1909-1915
|
Giacomo Balla, Umberto Boccioni, Carlo Carra, Luigi Russolo, Gino
Severini, Ardengo Soffici |
Italy and Russia. Literary movement in origin which includes after
painting, sculpture, photography and architecture. Aesthetic
generated by the modern myth of the machine and of speed. Painters
are influenced by Divisionism and Cubism.
|
Section d'Or
Golden Section |
1911-1914
|
Marcel Duchamp, Raymond Duchamp-Villon, Albert Gleizes, Frantisek
Kupka, Fernand Léger, André Lhote, Jean Metzinger, Francis
Picabia, Jacques Villon |
Paris. Identified with Cubism. Will to give a scientific turn in
the pictorial researches.
|
Blaue Reiter |
1911-1914
|
Heinrich Campendonk, Lyonel Feininger, Alexeï von Jawlensky,
Vassily Kandinsky, Paul Klee, August Macke, Franz Marc, Gabriele Münter |
Means 'Blue Rider'. Germany. Where aesthetic register meets fauvism,
abstraction, primitivism and expressionism.
|
Orphism
|
1912-1914
|
Alice Bailly, Robert Delaunay, Sonia Delaunay, Marcel Duchamp, Frantisek
Kupka, Francis Picabia, Jacques Villon |
Paris. Roots in Cubism with a tendency towards an abstract construction
of forms with color.
|
Ready-made |
1913-1921
|
Marcel Duchamp |
New-York. Product of modern mass production which become an artwork
as the artist chooses.
|
Vorticism |
1914-1917
|
David Bomberg, Alvin Langdon Coburn, Jacob Epstein, Henri Gaudier-Brzeska,
Percy Wyndham Lewis, William Roberts, Edward Wadsworth |
England. Literature, painting, drawing, printmaking, sculpture, photography.
Double influence of cubism and futurism. Art find its source
in the vortex of emotions.
|
Precisionnism |
1920-1930
|
Charles Sheeler, Georgia O'Keeffe, Joseph Stella, Charles Demuth,
Stuart Davis |
United States. Precision of the images. Figurative painting sharply
defined, with geometric forms and flat planes.
|
Second act
The following table will allow to all the art world professionals and
art lovers to make sense of the jargon in the artistic movements of modern
art.
Suprematism, Dada, Metaphysical Painting, De Stilj, Purism, New Objectivity,
Neo-Plasticism, Bauhaus, Art Deco, Constructivism, Muralism, Productivism,
Surrealism, Cercle et Carré, Concrete Art, Socialist Realism, all
these artistic movements are chronologically presented here, with a short
explanation of what it is and also the artists that can't be ignored for
each movement. This guide will be very useful for every contemporary artist.
And also for the collectors, galleries, critics and general public.
Suprematism |
1915-1922
|
Kasimir Malevitch, Alexandra Exter, Ivan Vassilievitch Klioun, Lioubov
Popova, Jean Pougny, Olga Rozanova, Alexandre Rodtchenko |
Russia. Purely aesthetic and concerned
only with form, free from any political or social meaning. Purity
of shape, particularly of the square. New realism in painting which
implies the supremacy of this new art in relation to the past.
|
Dada |
1916-1922
|
Hans Arp, Hugo Ball, Marcel Duchamp, Max Ernst, George Grosz, Raoul
Hausmann, John Heartfield, Hannah Höch, Marcel Janco, Man Ray,
Francis Picabia, Hans Richter, Kurt Schwitters, Sophie Taeuber-Arp
|
Germany, France, United States. Provocation and derision during public
events. Rejection of conventions in art and thought.
|
Metaphysical
Painting |
1917-1925
|
Giorgio De Chirico, Giorgio Morandi, Carlo D. Carrà |
Italia.
Characterized by a recognizable iconography: a fictive space was
created in the painting, modelled on illusionistic one-point perspective
but deliberately subverted.
|
De Stilj |
1917-1932
|
Piet Mondrian, Gerrit Rietveld, Theo Van Doesburg, Georges Vantongerloo |
Germany. Means 'the style'. Characterized by the elementary components
of the primary colours, flat, rectangular areas and only straight,
horizontal and vertical lines.
|
Purism |
1918-1926
|
Le Corbusier, Amédée Ozenfant |
France. Painting and architecture. In reaction to Cubist painting.
Admiration for the beauty and purity of the form of the machine.
Characterized by the geometrical simplicity of outlines and by
the search for pure forms.
|
Neue Sachlichkeit
New Objectivity |
1918-1933
|
Max Beckmann, Otto Dix, Carl Grossberg, George Grosz, Carlo Mense,
Christian Schad, Georg Scholz |
Germany. Characterized by a realistic style combined with a cynical,
socially critical, philosophical stance.
|
Neo-Plasticism |
1919-1931
|
Piet Mondrian, Theo Van Doesburg, Gerrit Rietvelt, Georges Vantongerloo |
Paris. Netherlands. Style of painting in which a grid, delineated
by black lines, was filled with blocks of primary colour. Applied
to all aspects of design.
|
Bauhaus |
1919-1933
|
Josef Albers, Herbert Bayer, Marcel Breuer, Walter Gropius, Johannes
Itten, Vassily Kandinsky, Paul Klee, Hannes Meyer, Ludwig Mies Van
Der Rohe, Laszlo Moholy-Nagy
|
Germany. Integrates Expressionist art with the fields of design and
architecture.
|
Art Deco |
1920-1939
|
Maurice Dufrêne, Jean Dunand, Francis Jourdain, Pierre Legrain,
Robert Mallet-Stevens, André Mare, Jacques Emile Ruhlmann,
Louis Süe |
France.
Characterized by the straight line, the clear colors, the geometrical
interpretation of the forms in nature and a tradition of elegance.
|
Constructivism |
1921-1928
|
Naum Gabo, El Lissitzky, Antoine Pevsner, Lioubov Popova, Alexandre
Rodtchenko, Vladimir Tatline, Kasimir Malevitch |
Russia, Germany. Painting, sculpture, photography, literature, theatre
and film. Geometric abstract art 'constructed' from autonomous
visual elements as lines and plans. Characterized by precision,
impersonality, a clear formal order and use of plastic and metal.
|
Muralism |
1921-1940
|
José Clemente Orozco, Diego Rivera, David Siqueiros |
Mexico. Big mural paintings with popular or national propaganda themes.
|
Productivism |
1923
|
Natalia Serguéïevna Gontcharova, Mikhaïl Fiodorovitch
Larionov, Marc Chagall, Paul Mansouroff, Ilya Kabakov |
Russia. The artist is transformed into a producer of standard objects
in the service of the new communist culture. The engineer get
the upper hand and standards in production direct the artists
to design, textile creation or graphic production.
|
Surrealism |
1924-1966
|
Salvador Dali, Max Ernst, Joan Miro, Yves Tanguy, Hans Bellmer, Jacques
Hérold, Wilfredo Lam, René Magritte, Man Ray, André
Masson, Roberto Matta, Echaurren, Meret Oppenheim, Wolfgang Paalen,
Toyen, Raoul Ubac |
France, Belgia, Czechoslovakia, Switzerland, England, West Indies.
Expression through automatism and through a sort of dreamlike
fantastic. Inspired by the psychoanalytical discoveries of Freud
and the political ideology of Marxism.
|
Cercle et Carré |
1929-1938
|
Joaquim Torrès-Garcia, Seuphor |
Paris. Opposition to the Surrealism. Characterized as broadly Constructivism
in outlook.
|
Concrete Art |
1930-1945
|
Hélion, Carlsund, Tutundjian et Wantz |
France,
Netherlands. Non- figurative painting and sculpture. Characterized
by a construction entirely from purely plastic elements: planes
and colours. Cerebral abstract works.
|
Socialist Realism |
1932-1988
|
Boris Mikhailovitch Koustodiev, Alexandr Mikhailovitch Guerassimov,
Isaak Izraïlevitch Brodski, Gueorgui Gueorgueïevitch |
Russia. Dictatorship of the proletariat in the arts which were subordinated
to the needs and dictates of the Communist Party. New art in
order to 'depict reality in its revolutionary development'.
|
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